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Understanding Type 2 Diabetes (Part1)

December 23, 2024

Nutrition for Diabetes Swasthya jyoti
9 min reading time

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T2DM develops due to a combination of two main factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin properly.

♦ Imagine your body as a production factory.

  • The cells in your body are the factory workers that need glucose as a raw material to generate energy.
  • Insulin acts as the transport system that delivers glucose to these cells.

♦ In Type 2 Diabetes, this transport system (insulin) doesn't work properly.

  • As a result, the factory workers (cells) can't get the glucose they need.
  • Glucose starts to build up in the blood, leading to hyperglycemia.
  • This dysfunction is called insulin resistance.

Complications arise if T2DM is not managed: 

♦ Microvascular Complications

  • Microvascular complications primarily involve small blood vessels.
  • Chronic kidney disease and albuminuria (protein loss in urine) are common.
  • Retinopathy, affecting the eyes, is a significant concern.
  • Autonomic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and erectile dysfunction can occur.

♦ Macrovascular Complications

  • Macrovascular complications impact larger blood vessels.
  • Coronary artery disease, angina, heart attacks, and heart failure are potential risks.
  • Diabetic foot problems can lead to severe complications, including potential amputation.

WHY T2DM DEVELOPS?

  • Genetics significantly influence T2DM risk, with many variants affecting insulin secretion and action.
  • Obesity is a primary risk factor, leading to insulin resistance and T2DM.
  • Daily exercise reduces T2DM risk by improving glucose sensitivity and reducing inflammation.
  • These factors highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle to prevent diabetes.
  • Gut microbiota plays a role in T2DM, as gut dysbiosis can increase inflammation and insulin resistance, contributing to diabetes development.

HOW T2DM DEVELOPS?

     
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Ms. Vibha Hasija
Contributor
MSc (Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics);
P.G. Diploma in Dietetics and Applied Nutrition;
Registered Dietitian

 

A strong believer in the power of preventive and therapeutic nutrition, the role of holistic healing and the integration of Body, Mind and the Soul, Ms. Vibha Hasija is an academician (Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan, University of Mumbai) since 23 years. An expert in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics and Nutritional Meal Planning, she is known for her powerful and highly effective teaching techniques in the field of Nutrition and Dietetics. She believes firmly in that – All changes happen first in the mind and this has been the guiding principle in her life as well as in applications in the field of Nutrition. Vibha has worked with her mentees in researching and creating Nutrition Communication Solutions and Educational Aids in the field of Clinical Nutrition which has won multiple awards including a National Award for Excellence in Innovation in Clinical Nutrition. She is a resource person for academic nutritional events and for talks on Health and Well Being. Associated with the Registered Dietitian Board of the Indian Dietetic Association as well as part of the executive committee of the Indian Association of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (Mumbai Chapter), she drives various nutrition education initiatives. An ardent poet and a prolific writer, she works to create a Health Mindset and make good health, good nutrition and lifestyle a human value. Through her Blog – Nutrition with Vibha, she is involved in making a positive difference to the nutritional and lifestyle choices of the community. With her mind on the multifaceted and multidisciplinary aspects of health and life, she brings her unique ideas to create a wave of Holistic Dietetic Choices. Through her unmistakable communication style of words and verses blended with evidence-based research, practicality and spiritual wisdom she dedicates herself to bettering the health of our Nation

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MSc (Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics);
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Dr. Anuradha Mitra (Head of the Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Home Science, Nirmala Niketan) holds more than three decades of experience in the field of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics both as an academician as well as in the field of Community Nutrition. She has been the Chairperson of the Adhoc Board of Studies of Home Science and the Research Recognition Committee of the University of Mumbai and is highly appreciated as a wonderful and wise teacher who opens up minds to the varied aspects of Nutrition and builds up a desire in her students to better the community with their contributions at the grassroot level especially to the vulnerable and marginalized. Her pioneering work in the field of Adolescent Nutrition as part of her Doctoral Thesis, wherein she has made a detailed study of over 2000 adolescent girls in Mumbai has won the Mumbai University Gold Medal for exemplary research in ‘Avishkar’, the Inter-university Research Fest.

Her special passion and forte lies in Product development; creative recipes that are a blend of the delicious, and the nourishing… Her unique recipe conceptions, adaptations and innovations have made her a sought-out expert by various top brands like Kelloggs, Tata’s Heinz and so on as well as by Government Organisations like Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) for the underprivileged. Along with being a resource person for academic events she has presented papers both at national and international level, and judged a number of Recipe competitions.

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